Tips to master before planting paeonai rockii

 Making adequate preparations before planting paeonia rockii is the key to success! paeonia rockii are “lazy flowers”, but if the initial foundation is laid, subsequent maintenance will be very worry-free, and they can be enjoyed for more than ten years or even decades. The following are the key preparations that need to be done before planting paeonia rockii:

01. Choose the best planting time

Autumn is the golden time (usually late September to early November in the northern hemisphere): This is the main planting season for paeonia rockii. At this time, the temperature drops and the soil temperature is still relatively warm, which is conducive to the growth and recovery of the root system before winter dormancy, laying a solid foundation for flowering in the spring of the following year. The specific time is adjusted according to the local climate, and it is best to complete the planting 4-6 weeks before the soil freezes.

Early spring (only in certain circumstances): If you buy container seedlings (with pots), you can plant them after the soil thaws in early spring, but the flowering in the first year may be affected and more delicate maintenance is required. It is strongly not recommended to plant bare-root paeonia rockii in spring. Avoid summer and severe winter.

02. Choose the right place to plant

Sufficient sunlight: paeonia rockii are sun-loving plants and need at least 6 hours of direct sunlight a day(preferably full sun). Insufficient sunlight will cause the plant to grow too long, bloom sparsely or even not bloom.

Good drainage: absolutely critical! paeonia rockii are very afraid of waterlogging. If the roots are soaked in water for a long time, they will quickly rot and die. Choose a place with higher terrain and less water accumulation. Avoid low-lying areas, rain pits, and directly under large trees (not only shade, but the roots will also grab water and fertilizer).

Soil requirements: Prefer deep, fertile, loose and breathable, neutral or slightly alkaline (pH 6.5-7.5) soil. Sandy loam or loam is ideal.

Space reservation: Consider the crown width of the paeonia rockii after adulthood (generally it can grow to 0.8-1.5 meters wide), leave enough growth space to ensure good ventilation and reduce diseases. Avoid being too close to walls or other large plants.

03. Improve the soil (create a comfortable home for the roots)

Deeply plow the soil: In the selected planting area, deep plowing is carried out (it is recommended to dig at least 50-60 cm deep and more than 60 cm wide). Break the hard soil layer and increase air permeability.

Improve drainage: If the soil is heavy (such as clay):

04. Prepare planting holes (dig a large hole for good rooting)

The hole should be large and deep: Even for very small bare-root seedlings, it is recommended to dig a planting hole with a diameter of 60 cm and a depth of 50-60 cm. A large hole is conducive to the free expansion of the root system and the absorption of water and nutrients.

Backfill soil preparation: Mix the excavated original soil with a large amount of decomposed organic fertilizer (such as decomposed cow dung/sheep dung/compost) and a small amount of bone meal (provide phosphorus fertilizer, promote rooting and flowering). The amount of organic fertilizer can be large, accounting for about 1/3 to 1/2 of the total amount of backfill soil. Ensure even mixing to avoid concentrated fertilizer burning of roots.

Pre-watering: A few days before planting, you can fill part of the hole (about half the height) with the prepared backfill soil, then water it thoroughly and let the soil settle naturally, which will help determine the correct depth for subsequent planting.

05. Select and prepare paeonia rockii seedlings

Handling bare-root seedlings:

Plant as soon as you receive them. If you can’t plant them immediately, you can transplant them in moist sand or put them in a cool place with a wet cloth wrapped around the roots.

Check the root system before planting and cut off dry, rotten or overly long roots (healthy roots can be left 20-30 cm).

Soak the roots in a fungicide solution such as carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl for 10-15 minutes to disinfect them, and then plant them after drying (optional but recommended to reduce diseases).

Important notes

Depth is key: When planting, make sure the “buds” of thepaeonia rockii (the red buds at the junction of the root neck) are buried about 3-5 cm below the soil (up to 5-7 cm deep in cold northern regions). Planting too shallow will expose the buds and make them susceptible to freezing and drought, while planting too deep will affect flowering and even cause root rot and death.

“Plant once, enjoy the flowers for many years”: paeonia rockii do not like to be transplanted. Transplanting will greatly damage the root system and cause them not to bloom for several years. Be sure to choose the right location once and don’t move it again after planting.

Avoid land with a “previous record”: If this land has been used to plant paeonia rockii, paeonia rockii or other ranunculaceae plants before, it is best to plant them again after an interval of more than 3-5 years, or completely replace the soil in the pit to avoid soil-borne diseases (such as root rot, wilt) and soil nutrient imbalance.

Subsequent preparations

Watering plan: Immediately after planting, water the roots once, and water thoroughly (even if the soil is wet). After that, keep the soil slightly moist but not waterlogged until it freezes, depending on the weather conditions. Pay attention to water supply after budding in spring, especially before and after flowering.

Winter protection (cold regions): In the cold northern regions, for newly planted paeonia rockiior precious varieties, a thick layer of pine needles, straw, leaf mold or special coverings can be placed at the base of the roots to keep warm before the soil freezes, and the coverings should be removed in time before buds sprout in spring. Avoid covering the plants with airtight materials (such as plastic sheets) as this can easily cause bud rot.

Fully understand the growth habits ofpaeoniarockii in summer

 The growth habits of paeoniarockii in summer are mainly affected by its native environment (arid and cool areas in northwest China), showing the following characteristics:

1. Like coolness, avoid high temperature and humidity:
   This is the core growth habit of paeoniarockii in summer. They are very intolerant to high temperature and humidity.
   When the temperature continues to exceed 30°C, especially when the humidity is high at the same time (such as the plum rain season in the south and the hot weather in North China), the plant will enter a semi-dormant or growth stagnation state.
   High temperature and high humidity are the biggest threats to the poor growth and outbreak of diseases and pests of paeoniarockii.
2. Like sufficient light, but need appropriate shade:
   paeoniarockii is a sun-loving plant, and it needs sufficient light (at least 6 hours a day) during the growth period to ensure strong growth and flower bud differentiation.
   However, in the hot summer (especially at noon and afternoon), strong direct sunlight will burn the leaves and aggravate high temperature stress. Therefore, in high-temperature areas in summer (especially in the south and low-altitude areas), it is necessary to provide about 50%-70% shade (such as shade nets, next to big trees) to avoid leaf burns and reduce the temperature around the plant.
3. Drought resistance and fear of waterlogging:
   The root system of paeoniarockii is well-developed and fleshy, and it is very afraid of waterlogging. Summer is a season of concentrated rainfall and frequent rainstorms. Poor drainage is fatal and can easily lead to root rot.
   Although it is drought-resistant, during the hot and dry summer period, the soil still needs to be kept moderately moist to avoid excessive drought affecting the vitality of the plant and even causing the leaves to burn. Watering should follow the principle of “see dry and wet”, avoid frequent small watering, and the best time to water is in the early morning or evening.
4. Post-flowering growth and new bud differentiation:
   After the spring flowering period ends (usually in late May and early June), the growth focus of paeoniarockii shifts to vegetative growth (branch and leaf growth) and flower bud differentiation (preparing for flowering next year).
   Summer (June-August) is the critical period for flower bud differentiation. At this time, the plant needs to accumulate enough nutrients and complete the morphological differentiation of flower buds at a suitable temperature. High temperature stress will seriously affect the quantity and quality of flower bud differentiation.
5. High incidence of diseases and pests:
   The high temperature and high humidity environment in summer is very likely to induce various diseases and pests, and it is a key period for prevention and control.
   Common diseases: leaf spot (brown spot, anthracnose, etc.), root rot (mainly caused by waterlogging), gray mold (when humid).
   It is necessary to strengthen ventilation, clean up diseased leaves and branches in time, and spray protective fungicides and insecticides regularly for prevention and control.
6. Fertilizer is needed but avoid concentrated fertilizer:
   After flowering (late spring and early summer), compound fertilizer mainly composed of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be applied once to supplement flowering consumption and promote flower bud differentiation and root growth.
   Fertilization should be stopped during the high temperature period in midsummer (usually the hottest in July and August), especially nitrogen fertilizer. At this time, the plant grows slowly or even stagnates. Fertilization not only cannot be absorbed, but it is easy to cause fertilizer damage and burn the root system.
7. Proper pruning:
   After flowering, timely cut off the remaining flowers to avoid fruiting and consuming nutrients.
   In summer, you can appropriately thin out the dense, crossed, inward-growing branches, as well as the weak and dead branches, to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Avoid heavy pruning.

Summary of the key points of summer maintenance:

Core contradiction:

Solve the stress caused by high temperature and high humidity.

The first task:
Ensure that drainage is absolutely unobstructed!

It is better to be dry than waterlogged.

Proper shade:Avoid exposure to the sun and reduce local temperature.

Strengthen ventilation:Reduce humidity and reduce pests and diseases.

Water management: “See dry and wet”, avoid water accumulation, and avoid watering during high temperature periods.
Fertilization management: Supplement phosphorus and potassium fertilizers after flowering in early summer, and stop fertilizing during the high temperature period in midsummer.
Pest and disease control:

Regular inspections, timely prevention and treatment.
Pruning:

Cut the remaining flowers after flowering, and lightly thin in summer to improve ventilation.
Understanding and adapting to the core habits of paeoniarockii that they like coolness in summer and are afraid of humidity and heat, and taking the three most critical measures of shading, ventilation, and drainage, are the basis for helping them survive the summer safely and ensuring flowering next year.

why the paeoniarockii grafted seedlings cut off the remaining flowers after flowering

 In mid-May, the paeoniarockii has basically finished blooming. Post-flowering management is very important and will affect the flowering and growth effects of the next year.

The paeoniarockii grafted seedlings cut off the remaining flowers after flowering, mainly based on the following key reasons:

1. Reduce nutrient consumption and promote plant growth

- Peony flowering requires a lot of nutrients, especially in the initial stage of root system and rootstock fusion of grafted seedlings, the nutrient reserves of the plant are relatively limited. Timely cutting off the remaining flowers can prevent nutrients from being used for seeding or maintaining flowers, and instead concentrate energy on root system development, new bud differentiation and branch and leaf growth, accumulating more sufficient nutrients for flowering next year.

2. Prevent the breeding of pests and diseases

- If the withered flowers remain on the branches for a long time, they are prone to breeding pathogens such as mold and gray mold due to moisture or rot, and may also attract pests. Cutting off the remaining flowers can reduce the risk of plant infection and maintain overall health.

3. Ensure the survival and adaptation of grafted seedlings

- Grafted seedlings need to focus resources on the healing and adaptation of rootstock and scion in the early stage. Retaining residual flowers may increase the burden on the plant and affect the healing speed and survival rate of the grafted part. Cutting flowers helps the plant to smoothly pass the critical growth period.

4. Promote flower bud differentiation and improve the quality of flowering next year

Flower bud differentiation of peony usually occurs after flowering. Cutting off residual flowers can reduce nutrient diversion, enable the plant to photosynthesize more efficiently, and promote the formation of new flower buds, thereby ensuring larger and more luxuriant flowers next year.

Pruning operation suggestions:

Timing: Prune immediately when the flowers begin to wither and the petals wilt significantly, and avoid delay.

Method: Use sterilized scissors to cut flatly from the base of the pedicel (about 1-2 cm below the calyx) to avoid damaging the new buds.

Subsequent care: After pruning, add appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to enhance the resistance of the plant; keep the soil moist but not too wet to avoid root rot.

Through scientific pruning, purple-spotted peony grafted seedlings can establish a strong plant structure more quickly, laying a solid foundation for their future ornamental value.

Please master these planting techniques and you can also make the rare plant paeoniarockii bloom beautiful flowers

 The daily management of Paeonia rockii needs to be combined with its growth habits and environmental needs. Detailed management guidelines are as follows:

Environment and soil management

Lighting requirements

need 6 hours or more of direct sunlight a day, and adequate shade (especially for seedlings) in high summer temperatures.

avoid long-term shade, which will result in reduced flowering and emaciated plants.

2. Soil conditions

Loose breathable, good drainage of sandy loam is best, avoid clay heavy soil or water.

soil pH should be neutral or slightly alkaline (6.5-7.5) .

Management of water and fertilizer

1. The principle of grade watering

Spring germination: keep the soil moist to avoid drought affecting flower bud differentiation.

Summer: Morning and evening watering, avoid high temperature at noon, to prevent burning roots.

Autumn: reduce the frequency of watering and promote lignification of branches for overwintering.

Winter dormant period: basically cut off water, keep the soil slightly dry.

2. Fertilizer tips

Spring (before germination) : apply NPK balanced compound fertilizer (such as 15-15-15) to promote the growth of new shoots.

Bud Stage: increase phosphorus and potassium (such as Monopotassium phosphate) to improve flowering quality.

After flowering: topdress rotten organic fertilizer (such as bone meal, cake fertilizer) to add nutrients.

Autumn (September-october) : burying and applying decomposed organic fertilizer to enhance the ability of overwintering and cold resistance.

Pruning and shaping

1. Pruning after flowering

Cut off the remnant flowers in time to avoid the consumption of nutrients and keep the leaves for photosynthesis.

remove dead and diseased branches and keep them well ventilated.

2. Shaping and pruning (winter)

During the dormant period, the dense branches and cross branches are pruned, and the strong main branches are retained.

Tree peony can retain 3-5 main branches, forming a natural opening of the plant type.

The pest control

1. Common diseases

Gray mold: rainy season prone to use 50% carbendazim 800 times the liquid spray.

Root rot: avoid standing water and irrigate roots with metalaxyl at the beginning of the disease.

2. Common pests

Aphids: spray imidacloprid or soapy water.

Spider mites: hot and dry, use Avermectin to control them.

Management of overwintering

1. The north

– pour“Sealed water” before winter and cover the roots with straw or earth (10-15 cm thick) to protect against the cold.

– young plant can be wrapped with non-woven cloth.

2. The south

– In general, no special protection is required, but defoliation should be cleaned to reduce the growth of pathogens.

Propagation and transplanting

1. Ramet propagation

The best time is autumn (September-october) , selecting 3-4 years old mother plant, keeping complete root system.

2. Main points of transplanting

– when transplanting with soil ball, to avoid root injury, after planting watering and shade seedlings.

Points to note

Avoid continuous cropping, more than 3 years between plantings in the same plot.

Avoid raining during the flowering period to prolong the life of flowers.

Loosen the soil and weed regularly to keep the soil well ventilated

Spring Care Guide for Tree Peony (Paeonia rockii): Ensuring Vigorous Growth and Spectacular Blooms

 Tree Peony (Paeonia rockii), renowned for its striking purple-blotched petals and intoxicating fragrance, is a prized ornamental plant. Spring is a critical period for bud development, shoot growth, and flower formation. Follow these expert management practices to ensure healthy growth and breathtaking blooms.

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1. Early Spring Pruning and Garden Cleanup

• Remove Dead/Damaged Branches
• Prune frost-damaged, diseased, or crossing branches when temperatures stabilize above 5°C (late March in northern regions, late February in southern areas).
• Sterilize pruning tools with alcohol to prevent disease spread.
• Clear Debris
• Rake fallen leaves, weeds, and overwintering pests around the base to reduce disease risk. Lightly dust the soil with lime or sulfur powder for disinfection.

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2. Water and Fertilizer Management

• Early Growth Stage Fertilization
• Timing: Apply when new buds emerge but before leaves fully expand (early April in the north, mid-March in the south).
• Method: Use well-rotted organic fertilizer (e.g., bone meal, compost) mixed with balanced NPK fertilizer (15-10-10). Apply 200–300g per plant in a ring around the root zone, then water thoroughly.
• Bud Development Stage
• Timing: When flower buds begin to swell (late April in the north, early April in the south).
• Method: Foliar spray with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (2g per 1L water) every 10 days to enhance bud quality.
• Watering Tips
• Keep soil moist but not waterlogged. Water deeply once after pruning, then adjust based on rainfall. Avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal issues.

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3. Pest and Disease Control

• Common Diseases
• Leaf Spot: Spray with 70% mancozeb (800x dilution) at the first sign of brown spots.
• Root Rot: Caused by waterlogging. Remove affected plants, trim rotten roots, soak in carbendazim solution, and replant in well-drained soil.
• Insect Pests
• Aphids/Spider Mites: Control with neem oil or 10% imidacloprid (2000x dilution).
• Grubs: Apply phoxim granules to the soil around roots (follow label instructions).

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4. Wind Protection and Support

• Windbreaks
• In windy areas, install temporary windbreaks (e.g., bamboo stakes or burlap screens) to protect tender shoots and buds.
• Bud Thinning
• Retain 1–2 healthy buds per stem; remove excess buds to concentrate nutrients for larger, showier blooms.
• Staking
• Use soft ties and stakes to support heavy flower stems and prevent drooping.

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5. Frost Protection and Bloom Extension

• Late Frost Prevention
• Cover plants with frost cloth or straw mats if temperatures drop below 0°C after bud break. Spray water early morning to mitigate frost damage.
• Extending Bloom Time
• Provide partial shade during peak bloom (e.g., shade cloth) to slow petal wilting. For potted plants, move to a cool, shaded area.

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6. Post-Bloom Care

• Deadheading
• Remove spent flowers immediately to prevent seed formation and redirect energy to root growth.
• Post-Bloom Fertilization
• Apply a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10 NPK) to replenish nutrients and strengthen roots for next year’s growth.

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7. Regional Considerations

• Arid Northern Climates: Mulch with pine needles or wood chips to retain soil moisture.
• Humid Southern Climates: Ensure excellent drainage; loosen soil after heavy rains to prevent root suffocation.

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Pro Tip: Tree Peonies are deep-rooted—avoid transplanting in spring to minimize root disturbance!

With proper care, your Paeonia rockii will reward you with majestic blooms that embody elegance and resilience.

Common Pests and Diseases of Peony-

Tree Peony, as China’s unique woody flowers, with thousands of years of natural growth and more than 2000 years of artificial cultivation history, widely loved by the people, often found in the garden or landscape. However, in the process of tree peony cultivation, due to weather, soil and management and other reasons, it is easy to appear disease. The infected plants often show the phenomenon of leaf covered with disease spot or edge withered, branches thin and weak, root rot and disfigurement, if the infected plants are not treated in time, the disease will spread in a large scale, which greatly affects the ornamental value and economic value of the tree peony. Therefore, peony disease control is an important part of the cultivation of peony, today to give you a brief introduction of the six major peony disease control.

01Anthrax

Damage parts: stems, petioles and petals and other plant young tissues

Manifestation: the leaf surface will appear small brown spots, when serious into a round or irregular spots can lead to perforation, the affected young leaves will also show the characteristics of shrinkage, curling. After infection, the stem will appear initially reddish brown oblong spots, then will develop into large irregular spots, the middle will appear inconspicuous light gray, the edge of the spot is reddish brown. Infected stems will bend and eventually fold, and young stems will wither and die in a short period of time. The petal and the flower scale can appear bud wither and the deformity flower and so on question, if the occurrence disease is in the rainy and wet season, the surface also can produce the pink spore pile.

High incidence: the pathogen of anthracnose usually overwintering in the form of hyphae in the diseased plant. Conidia will germinate and spread when the temperature is suitable in the second year.

Methods of prevention and Cure:

1 deep turn the soil of peony cultivation, improve the air permeability of soil and the environment of microorganism growth, ensure the root can stretch to grow, absorb sufficient nutrient.

(2) pruning the whole plant in time, removing dead branches and debris, and burying or incinerating them.

3 spraying 75% Mancozeb or Anthrax Thiram 500 times, once every 15 days, continuously spraying 2-3 times.

02 Powdery mildew

Damage parts: leaves and petioles

Manifestation: the peony leaves will form a layer of white powdery spot in the early stage, and the disease spot will appear on both sides of the petiole and leaf surface in the late stage, accompanied by many small black spots, and gradually expand and develop into a large area of disease spot, it can cause whole leaves and stalks to wither and die.

High-incidence period: generally in the rainy and wet season occurs very serious, too dense plants or poor ventilation can also cause peony powdery mildew.

The control methods were as follows:

(1) proper pruning and shaping could be carried out to improve the ventilation and light permeability of the plants and to remove the infected leaves in time. (2) spraying 20% triadimefon WP and strengthening field management, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could be applied properly, but the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be strictly controlled to improve the disease resistance of plants.

3 sulphur mixture could be sprayed before sprout in spring, 80% Mancozeb wettable powder or carbendazim could be sprayed at the onset of disease in growing season, once every 15 days and three times continuously.

03Root rot

Damage: Root

Manifestation: the leaves will turn yellow or reddish, some mesophyll will turn yellow, while the growth of some plants on the ground is weak, serious will lead to leaves and branches withered, the whole plant death, the roots of the diseased plants were found to be rotten and dark brown.

High incidence period: the field environment is humid, water accumulation is serious. In addition, the plants which were not transplanted with soil ball during Ramet transplanting were also susceptible to disease.

Prevention and Cure Method: after the soil is deeply turned, carbofuran can be applied, and carbendazim WP can be sprinkled on the base of peony root, every 10 days, to ensure that the medicine can be deep underground.

04 Leaf spot

Damage parts: leaves and shoots

Manifestation: 15 days after flowering, brown spots appear on the abaxial surface of the leaves, the edge of the color is darker, and then developed into an irregular circular spots, all the spots can be connected into one, leading to leaf wither and fall. Infected stems and stalks produce raised lesions, and pathogens can overwinter in stems, leaves, and soil.

High incidence period: generally in the rainy season onset of serious, in high temperature and humid conditions.

Control methods:

1 cut off the infected branches in time before and after the beginning of winter and burn them to ensure that the pathogen was completely eliminated.

2 Bordeaux mixture and thiophanate-methyl were sprayed 3-4 times before the onset of the disease.

05Botrytis cinerea

Damage parts: young plants and peony flowers, stems and leaves and other parts

Manifestation: cause the tree peony seedling lodging and withering, death. The infected parts give birth to gray mold, brown spot also appears on the stem, peony peony seed will be seriously affected when the peduncles encounter this kind of disease.

High incidence: July-august every year, when the weather is wet.

Control methods:

1 new soil transplanting, old soil can be sprayed with pentachloronitrobenzene wettable powder for disinfection treatment.

2 control planting density, ensure timely drainage after ventilation and light permeability.

3 the infected branches, leaves and buds should be cleaned up in time, and the whole plant should be pulled out and destroyed.

4 Bordeaux mixture and thiophanate-methyl solution can be used to prevent and cure the disease.

05 seedling damping-off disease

Damage parts: stem base and whole plant

Manifestation: in the process of seedling raising and germination, seedling damping-off will lead to hypocotyl and leaf rot. The seedlings were infected by the disease after they were unearthed, and the first damage was to the base of the stem. Canker lesions appeared on the affected parts, then changed from light brown to yellow brown, and spread around the whole stem, seeds that have not sprouted can also be infected when the disease is severe. Usually, seedling damping-off is mainly caused by pathogenic fungi of the genus Phytophthora. The disease can be spread by means of agricultural machinery, transplanting and farm manure.

Control methods:

1 select disease-free new soil, do not use diseased field to raise seedlings, but also choose Mancozeb and metalaxyl medicament, evenly mix and spread on the border.

2 in addition, peony seeds should be disinfected in 50 ° C warm water for 20 min, then diluted with pyrazolium and Mancozeb etc.

Why paeoniarockii (gansu mudan) is more valuable than other tree peony varieties

For tree peonies, China has a long history of cultivation. China is the birthplace of the world's tree peonies. Through continuous development, many precious varieties have been cultivated, and they have a heavy position in the global peonies, in China, tree peonies represent wealth, harmony, peace and health. Each family yard or flowerpot will be planted with a peony tree.

China has a vast region, the special geographical location and climate of the Chinese tree peony and divided into northern tree peony and southern tree peony, the most representative of the northern tree peony is produced in Gansu Paeonia rockii, southern peony is the most representative of Henan, Shandong peony.

Located in the Northwest China, Gansu province is rich in natural resources and is the second most popular tourist destination in Asia, in this barren soil bred out of a tree peony people can not forget the variety of paeoniarockii(gansumudan).

In the 19th century, Joseph F. Rock, a famous botanist, discovered the tree in Gansu province and introduced it to Europe,To now constantly exported from Gansu around the world, the widespread spread of the value of paeoniarockii

so why the value of paeoniarockii (gansumudan) is higher than other treepeony varieties, I will explain from the following aspects

1. Paeonia rockii planting simple, can adapt to a variety of soil, stable flowering

2. Paeonia rockii is the only tree in the world can grow into tree peony, high degree of anti-aging lignification

3. The fragrance of paeoniarockii (gansu mudan )is stronger than that of other tree peonies. The fragrance of one flower is better than that of 100 flowers

Four. Paeonia rockii has strong cold resistance and can overwinter naturally under the environment of -30 degrees without artificial protection